Hiligaynon Language

Hiligaynon language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hiligaynon (or "Ilonggo") is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas ... Hiligaynon language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator. Hiligaynon to ...
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Hiligaynon - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion ...
LANGUAGE: Hiligaynon. RELIGION: Pre-Christian belief system, coexisting with Catholicism ... Cebuano, a language that the Hiligaynon people cannot readily ...
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Hiligaynon language, alphabet and pronunciation
Hiligaynon is a member of the Visayan branch of the Austronesian language family ... Information about the Hiligaynon language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki ...
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HILIGAYNON language
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Language and Desire in Hiligaynon
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{{language|name=Hiligaynon|nativename=Ilonggo|familycolor=Austronesian|states=Philippines|speakers= 11 million total (first language: 7 million, second language: 4 million (est.))|rank=83|fam2=[Malayo-Polynesian languages|fam3=Borneo-Philippines languages|fam4=Central Philippine languages|fam5=Visayan languages|fam6=Central Visayan languages|script=Latin alphabet (Filipino orthography);
Historically written in Baybayin]
(Commission on the Filipino Language)|iso2=hil|iso3=hil-->

Hiligaynon (or "Ilonggo") is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Hiligaynon is concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo and Negros Occidental. It is also spoken in the other provinces of the Panay Island Island group, such as Capiz, Antique Province, Aklan Province, Guimaras, and many parts of Mindanao like Koronadal City, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat (It is spoken as a second language by Karay-a in Antique, Aklanon and Malaynon in Aklan, Cebuano people in Siquijor, and Capiznon in Capiz.). There are approximately 7,000,000 people in and outside the Philippines who are native speakers of Hiligaynon, and an additional 4,000,000 who are capable of speaking it with a substantial degree of proficiency.

It is a member of the Visayan languages family.

The language is referred to as "Ilonggo" in Negros Occidental and in Iloilo. More precisely, "Ilonggo" is an ethnoliguistic group referring to the people living in Panay and the culture associated with the people speaking Hiligaynon. The boundaries of the dialect called Ilonggo and that called Hiligaynon are unclear. The disagreement of where what name is correct extends to Philippine language specialists and native laymen.

Writing system The core alphabet consists of 20 letters used for expressing consonants and vowels in Hiligaynon, each of which comes in an upper case and lower case variety.

Alphabet {|class="wikitable"!colspan=14|The 1st to 10th letters|-!Symbol|colspan=3|A a|B b|K k|D d|E e|G g|H h|colspan=2|I i|L l|M m|-!Name|colspan=3|a|ba|ka|da|e|ga|ha|colspan=2|i|la|ma|-!International Phonetic Alphabet||||||||||||||-!in context|a|aw/ao|ay|b|k|d|e|g|h|i|iw/io|l|m|}

{|class="wikitable"!colspan=14|The 11th to 20th letters|-!Symbol|N n|Ng ng|colspan=2|O o|P p|R r|colspan=2|S s|T t|colspan=2|U u|W w|Y y|-!Name|na|nga|colspan=2|o|pa|ra|colspan=2|sa|ta|colspan=2|u|wa|ya|-!International Phonetic Alphabet||||||||||||||-!in context|n|ng|o|oy|p|r|s|sy|t|u|ua|w|y|}

Additional symbols It should be noted that the apostrophe(') and dash(-) also appear in Hiligaynon writing, and might be considered letters. In addition, some English letters, may be used in borrowed words.

Grammar Determiners Hiligaynon has three types of case markers: absolutive case, ergative case, and oblique case. These types in turn are divided into personal, that have to do with names of people and impersonal, that deal with everything else, and further into grammatical number and plural types, though the plural impersonal case markers are just the singular impersonal case markers + mga, a particle used to denote plurality in Hiligaynon.

{| border="" cellpadding="2"! !Absolutive case!Ergative case!Oblique case|-|singular impersonal|ang|sang, sing*|sa
|-|plural impersonal|ang mga|sang mga, sing mga*|sa mga|-|singular personal|si|ni|kay|-|plural personal**|sanday|nanday|kanday|}

(*)The articles (grammar) sing and sing mga means the following noun is definiteness, while sang tells of a definite noun, like the use of a in english language as opposed to the, however, it is not as common in modern speech, being replace by sang. It appears in conservative translations of the Bible into Hiligaynon and in traditional or formal speech
(**)The plural personal case markers are not used very often and not even by all speakers. Again, this is an example of a case marker that has fallen largely into disuse, but is still occasionally used when speaking a more traditional form of Hiligaynon, using less Spanish loan words.

The case markers do not determine the which noun is subject (grammar) and which is object(grammar), rather, the affix of the verb determines this. Though the ang-marked noun is always the topic.

Examples:Ang lalaki nagkaon sang tinapay
"The man ate the bread"


can mean the same as

Ang tinapay ginkaon sang lalaki
Literally: "The bread was eaten by the man"


but, in Hiligaynon, there is a tendency to use active voice more, so the first sentence would be more common. Personal pronouns {| border="1" cellpadding="2"

! !Absolutive case!Ergative case₁
(Postposed)!Ergative₂
(Preposed)!Oblique case|-|1st person singular|ako, ko|nakon, ko|akon|sa akon|-|2nd person singular|ikaw, ka|nimo, mo|imo|sa imo|-|3rd person singular|siya|niya|iya|sa iya|-|1st person plural inclusive|kita|naton, ta|aton|sa aton|-|1st person plural exclusive|kami|namon|amon|sa amon|-|2nd person plural|kamo|ninyo|inyo|sa inyo|-|3rd person plural|sila|nila|ila|sa ila|}

Demonstrative pronouns {| border="1" cellpadding="2"

! 

!Absolutive case!Ergative case/Oblique case!Locative case!Existential|-|Nearest to speaker (this, here) *|iní|siní|dirí|yári/ári|-|Near to addressee or closely removed from speaker and addressee (that, there)|inâ|sinâ|dirâ|yára'/ára'|-|Remote (yon, yonder)|ató|sadtó|didtó|yádto|}

In addition to this, there are two verbal deictics, karí, meaning come to speaker, and kadto, meaning to go yonder.

Copula Hiligaynon lacks the marker of sentence inversion "ay" of Tagalog/Filipino or "hay" of Akeanon. Instead sentences in SV form (Filipino: Di karaniwang anyo) are written without any marker or copula.

Examples:

"Si Inday ay maganda" (Tagalog)


"Si Inday matahum" (Hiligaynon)

"Inday is beautiful" (English)

There is no direct translation for the English copula "to be" in Hiligaynon. However, the prefixes mangin- and nangin- may be used to mean will be and became, respectively.

Example:

Manámî mangin manggaranon
"It is nice to become rich"

The Spanish copula "estar" (to be) has also become a part of the Hiligaynon lexicon. It's meaning and pronunciation have become corrupted. In Hiligaynon it is pronounced as "istar" and means "to live (in)/location"(Compare with the Hiligaynon word "puyo").

Example:

Nagaistar ako sa tabuc suba
"I live in tabuc suba""tabuc suba" translates to "other side of the river"

Existential To indicate the existence of an object, the word may is used.

Example:

May idô (a)ko
"I have a dog"

Hiligaynon Linkers When an adjective modifies a noun, the linker nga links the two.

Example:

Itom nga ido
Black dog

Sometimes, if the linker is preceded by a word that end in a vowel, glottal stop or the letter N, it becomes acceptable to contract it into -ng, as in Filipino. This is often used to make the words sound more poetic or to reduce the number of syllables. Sometimes the meaning may change as in maayo nga aga and maayong aga. The first meaning: (the) good morning; while the other is the greeting for 'good morning'.

The linker ka is used if a number modifies a noun.

Example:

Anum ka ido
six dogs

Interrogative words The interrogative words of Hiligaynon are as follows: diin, san-o, sin-o, nga-a, kamusta, ano, and pila

Diin means where.
Example:
Diin ka na?
"Where are you now?"


A derivation of diin, tagadiin, is used to inquire the birthplace or hometown of the listener.
Example:
Tagadiin ka?
"Where are you from?"


San-o means when
Example:
San-o inâ?
"When is that?"


Sin-o means who
Example:
Sin-o imo abyan?
"Who is your friend?"


Nga-a means why
Example:
Nga-a indi ka magkadto?
"Why won't you go?"


Kamusta means how, as in "How are you?"
Example:
Kamusta ang tindahan?
"How is the store?"


Ano means what
Example:
Ano ang imo ginabasa?
"What are you reading?"


A derivative of ano, paano, means how, as in "How do I do that?"
Example:
Paano ko makapulî?
"How can I get home?"


A derivative of paano is paanoano an archaic phrase which can be compared with kamusta
Example:
Paanoano ikaw?
"How art thou?"


Pila means how much/how many
Example:
Pila ang maupod sa imo?
"How many are with you?"


A derivative of pila, ikapila, asks the numerical order of the person, as in, "What place were you born in your family?"(first-born, second-born, etc.) This word is notoriously difficult to translate into English, as English has no equivalent.
Example:
Ikapila ka sa inyo pamilya?
"What place were you born into your family?"


Sounds Hiligaynon has sixteen consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are three main vowels: , , and /. and in the beginning and middle and sometimes final syllables and and were allophones, with always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and always used when it ends a syllable. Consonants and were once allophones but cannot interchange, like patawaron (to forgive) patawad, forgiveness but not patawadon and tagadiín (from where) diín, where but not tagariín.

Loan words Hiligaynon has a large number of words that derive from Spanish language words including nouns (e.g., santo from santo, saint), adjectives (e.g., berde from verde, green), prepositions (e.g., antes from antes, before), and conjunctions (e.g., pero from pero, but). Moreover, Spanish provides the Ilonggo base for items introduced by Spain, e.g., barco (barco, ship), sapatos (zapatos, shoes), kutsilyo (cuchillo, knife), cuchara (spoon), tenedor (fork), plato (plate), camiseta (shirt), and cambio (change).

Spanish verbs used in Hiligaynon often remain unconjugated (have the verb endings -ar, -er or -ir) which in Filipino would be conjugated in the 'tú' form, e.g., komparar, mandar, pasar, tener, disponer, mantener, and asistir.

Examples Numbers {|class="wikitable"! Number! Hiligaynon|-|1|Isá|-|2|Duhá|-|3|Tatlo|-|4|Apat|-|5|Limá|-|6|Anum|-|7|Pitó|-|8|Waló|-|9|Siyám|-|10|Púlô|-|100|Gatús|-|1000|Libó|}

Days of the week The names of the days of the week are derived from their Spanish language equivalents.

{|class="wikitable"!Day!Adlaw|-|Sunday|Domingo|-|Monday|Lunes|-|Tuesday|Martes|-|Wednesday|Miyerkoles|-|Thursday|Huwebes|-|Friday|Biyernes|-|Saturday|Sabadó|}

Months of the year The first set of Hiligaynon names of the months are derived from Spanish.

{|class="wikitable"!Month!Bulan|-|January|Enero; ulalong|-|February|Pebrero; dagangkahoy|-|March|Marso; dagangbulan|-|April|Abril; kiling|-|May|Mayo; himabuyan|-|June|Hunio; kabay|-|July|Hulyo; hidapdapan|-|August|Agosto; lubad-lubad|-|September|Septiyembre; kangurolsol|-|October|Oktubre; bagyo-bagyo|-|November|Nobiyembre; panglot-diotay|-|December|Disiyembre; panglot-daku|}

Quick phrases {|class="wikitable"!English!Hiligaynon|-|Yes.|Hu-o.|-|No.|Indî.|-|Thank you.|Salamat.|-|Sorry.|Pasensya/Pasaylo.|-|Help!|Bulig! / Tabang!|-|Delicious!|Namit!|-|Take care.|Halong.|-|Are you mad?|Akig ka?|-|I don't know.|Ambot.|-|That's wonderful!|Námì-námì man (i)nâ!|}

Greetings, friends and lovers {|class="wikitable"!English!Hiligaynon|-|Good morning.|Maayong aga.|-|Good noon.|Maayong udto.|-|Good afternoon.|Maayong hapon.|-|Good evening.|Maayong gab-i.|-|How are you?|Kumusta ka?/Kamusta ikaw?|-|I'm fine.|Maayo man.|-|I am fine, how about you?|Maayo man, ikaw iya?|-|How old are you?|Pila na ang edad nimo?/Ano ang edad mo?|-|I am 25 years old.|Beinte singko anyos na (a)ko./ Duha ka pulo kag lima ka tuig na (a)ko.|-|I am John.|Ako si John./Si John ako.|-|What is your name?|Ano imo ngalan?/ Ano ngalan (ni)mo?|-|I love you.|Palangga ta ka.|-|Thank you very much.|Salamat gid.|-

|}

This, that, and whatnot... {|class="wikitable"!English!Hiligaynon|-|What is this?|Ano (i)ni?|-|This is a sheet of paper.|Isa ni ka panid sang papel./Isa ka panid ka papel ini.|-|What is that?|Ano (i)nâ?|-|That is a book.|Libro (i)nâ.|-|What will you do?|Ano ang himu-on (ni)mo? / Ano ang buhaton (ni)mo?|-|What are you doing?|Ano ang ginahimo (ni)mo?|-|I don't know.|Ambut|-|-|}

Space and time {|class="wikitable"!English!Hiligaynon|-|Where shall we go?|Diin kita makadto?|-|Where are we going?|Diin kita pakadto?|-|Where are you going?|(Sa) diin ka makadto?|-|We shall go to Bacolod.|Makadto kita sa Bacolod.|-|I am going home.|Mapa-uli na ko (sa balay).|-|Where do you live?|Diin ka naga-istar?/Diin ka na-gapuyô?|-|Where did you come from? (Where have you just been?)|Diin ka nag halin?|-|Have you been here long?|Dugay ka na diri?|-|(To the) left.|(Sa) wala.|-|(To the) right.|(Sa) tuô.|-|What time is it?|Ano('ng) takna na?/Ano('ng) horas na?|-|It's ten o'clock.|Alas diyes na.|-|What time is it now?|Ano ang horas subong?|}

The marketplace {|class="wikitable"!English!Hiligaynon|-|May I buy?|Pwede ko kabakal?|-|How much is this?|Tag-pila ini?|-|How much is this/that?|Tagpilá iní/inâ?|-|}

The Lord's Prayer Amay namon, nga yara ka sa mga langit
Pagdayawon ang imo ngalan
Umabot sa amon ang imo ginharian
Matuman ang imo buot
Diri sa duta subong sang sa langit
Hatagan mo kami nain sing kan-on namon
Sa matag-adlaw
Kag ipatawad mo ang mga utang namon
Subong nga ginapatawad namon ang nakautang sa amon
Kag dili mo kami nga ipagpadaug sa mga panulay
Hinunuo luwason mo kami sa kalaut
Amen.

Children's books Ang Bukid Nga Nagpalangga Sang Pispis Ang Bukid Nga Nagpalangga Sang Pispis is a fully illustrated, colored children's picture book. The original story is "The Mountain That Loved A Bird", by Alice McLerran. Originally published in the United States with illustrations by Eric Carle, the story has been translated to Hiligaynon by Genevieve L. Asenjo and illustrated with new art by Beaulah Pedregosa Taguiwalo drawn from the landscapes of the Philippines.

The publisher is Mother Tongue Publishing Inc., a new publishing company based in Manila, Philippines formed in November 2006 by Mario and Beaulah Taguiwalo. Their mission is to publish books in as many languages and dialects as possible. They are inspired by the words of science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin: “Literature takes shape and life in the body, in the wombs of the mother tongue.” They also agree with neuro-scientist Elkhonon Goldberg who refers to mother tongues as “an extremely adaptive and powerful device for modeling not only what is, but also what will be, what could be, and what we want and do not want to be.”

See also

External links



Hiligaynon language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hiligaynon (or "Ilonggo") is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Hiligaynon is concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo and Negros Occidental.

Talk:Hiligaynon language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
edit] 140.118.160.223's source. Elaborating on my revert... I took a look at 140.118.160.223's source which I quote: The province of Aklan speaks Aklanon which, like Hiligaynon ...

Hiligaynon language, alphabet and pronunciation
Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) Hiligaynon is a member of the Visayan branch of the Austronesian language family with about 11 million speakers in Western Visayas in the Philippines, 7 ...

Hiligaynon - Wiktionary
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary ... Hiligaynon language

Ethnologue report for language code:hil
Ethnologue and bibliography information on Hiligaynon. ... Reduced 25% now US$ 60. Hardcover library binding; 1,272 pages; Articles for 6,912 living languages; Index of 39,491 ...

Language Overview: Hiligaynon
Various descriptive and analytic texts regarding the Hiligaynon language, drawn from the Rosetta 1,000 Language Archive. May contain one or more of the following text types:

Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Hiligaynon 2 - Meta
This language has been verified as eligible. Although the language is eligible for a project, the community still needs to meet some requirements described in the language proposal ...

Language Museum - Hiligaynon
Sample: Translation: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language ...

Hiligaynon
PRONUNCIATION: hil-uh-GUY-nuhn. LOCATION: Philippines (Western Visayas) POPULATION: 5.4 million. LANGUAGE: Hiligaynon. RELIGION: Pre-Christian belief system, coexisting with ...

Yamada Language Center: Hiligaynon WWW guide
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